Cyber-Physical systems in industry

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrated systems that combine computational algorithms and physical components, designed to operate in real-time with complex interactions and adaptive behaviors. Originating from a concept map by Edward A. Lee at UC Berkeley, CPS encompass key characteristics such as sensing and actuation, real-time interaction, communication, control systems, and varying levels of autonomy and intelligence. They find applications across industries like cybersecurity, healthcare, utilities, automotive, transportation, and notably, if combining manufacturing and Industry 4.0, manufacturing becomes a major user. Despite their potential, CPS face challenges including cybersecurity risks, real-time operation constraints, reliability, fault tolerance, and issues related to scalability, energy efficiency, and human-machine interaction. These systems require careful consideration of design, implementation, and regulatory and ethical standards to fully leverage their benefits in enhancing efficiency and innovation in industry-specific applications.

The objectives of the nugget are:

To explain the concept and key components of cyber-physical systems (CPS)
To explain the concerns related to the responsible use of CPS.